Certified Nurses Operating Room (CNOR) Practice Exam

Epinephrine injections are most commonly used in the scenario of anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen, such as certain foods, medications, or insect stings. The body responds to the allergen by releasing a large amount of histamine and other chemicals, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure.

Epinephrine works by constricting blood vessels, which raises blood pressure, and by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Additionally, it helps to counteract swelling and urticaria (hives) associated with the allergic reaction. Because of its rapid action, epinephrine is the first line of treatment for anaphylaxis and is critical in preventing serious complications or death.

In contrast, chronic pain management typically involves the use of analgesics, while post-surgical sedation would involve sedatives or anesthetics rather than epinephrine. Respiratory infections are generally treated with antibiotics or other supportive care, not epinephrine, unless there is a severe allergic reaction involved.